Dr Sjoerd Rijpkema
Dr Sjoerd Rijpkema has authored over 75 scientific papers on vaccines, serology, biological standards, the interaction of pathogenic bacteria in human and animal hosts and the mechanisms that lie behind colonization, invasion and pathogenicity.
In 1987, he elucidated the protective mechanism of live and killed oral cholera vaccines at the Dutch National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).
In 1995, he completed his PhD at the Faculty of Veterinary Science (University of Utrecht). His research focused on improving the diagnosis of Lyme disease with novel PCR assays and immunoassays, and provided a new insight on the ecology of Borrelia species in ticks and their animal hosts.
Since joining the NIBSC in 1997, Sjoerd has released Anthrax, Typhoid and Cholera vaccines for the UK and European markets and written two European Pharmacopeia monographs. He has also contributed to the WHO guidelines on typhoid conjugate vaccines and the development of 9 WHO International Standards for typhoid, syphilis, toxoplasma and Chagas disease for vaccines and in vitro diagnostic tests. The International Standards for typhoid assisted the global effort to expedite the use of the typhoid conjugate vaccines in Low and Middle-Income Countries.
Sjoerd’s experimental work involves the development of vaccines, potency assays and diagnostic assays. His pre-clinical work on a vaccine based on urease and membrane proteins of Helicobacter pylori showed it limited colonization of the pathogen. Additionally, his in vitro cytotoxicity assays have identified cellular pathways that are affected by anthrax lethal toxin and cholera toxin and confirmed neutralization of their activities by therapeutic anti-toxin monoclonal antibodies.
Most recently, Sjoerd has joined international efforts to introduce vaccines for Paratyphoid, Shigella spp, invasive Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) and Cholera in Low and Middle-Income Countries. In addition, he has initiated research projects on the human microbiome and vaccines to prevent Clostridioides difficile infection.
Publications and WHO reports
2020
Dahora LC, Verheul MK, Williams KL, Jin C, Stockdale L, Cavet G, Giladi E, Hill J, Kim D, Bobay BG, Spicer LD, Sawant S, Rijpkema S, Dennison SM, Alam SM, Pollard AJ, Tomaras GD. Epitope specificity and avidity impact Fc-mediated function of vaccine-induced antibodies against S. Typhi Vi polysaccharide. Science Immunology, submitted
Amos GCA, Sergaki C, Logan A, Iriarte R, Bannaga A, Wellington EMH, Rijpkema S, Arasaradnam RP. The heterogeneity of inflammatory bowel disease and its influence on microbiome studies. Submitted, J Crohn’s Colitis
Amos GCA, Logan A, Anwar S, Fritzsche M, Bleazard T, Rijpkema S. Developing global standards for the microbiome field. Microbiome 8:98 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00856-3 .
Rigsby P, Beamish E, Hockley J, Atkinson E, Hitri K, Jones E, Yang JS, Qadri F, Bachtiar NS, Elias SC, Goel A, Mishra R, Dugyala R, Pasetti MF, Meiring JE, Mbewe M, Gordon MA, Pollard AJ, Logan A, Rijpkema S. Evaluation of a standardized Vi poly-L-lysine ELISA for serology of Vi capsular polysaccharide antibodies. Biologicals 66:21-29. doi: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2020.05.002 & https://www.nibsc.org/about_us/latest_news/typhoid_assay.aspx
Anonymous. Recommendations to assure the quality, safety and efficacy of typhoid conjugate vaccines. Post-ECBS replacement of Annex 3 of WHO Technical Report Series, No. 987
Anwar S, Rigsby P, Rijpkema S, Bryan D. Development and validation of an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantification of Toxoid A and Toxoid B from Clostridioides difficile. Submitted.
2019
Kaminski RW, Pasetti MF, Aguilar AO, Clarkson KA, Rijpkema S, Bourgeois AL, Cohen D, Feavers I, MacLennan CA. Consensus Report on Shigella Controlled Human Infection Model: Immunological Assays. Clin Infect Dis, 69 (Suppl 8): 596-601
Hitri K, Kuttel M, De Benedetto G, Lockyer K, Gao F, Hansal P, Rudd TR, Beamish E, Rijpkema S, Ravenscroft N, Bolgiano B. O-acetylation of typhoid capsular polysaccharide confers polysaccharide rigidity and immunodominance by masking additional epitopes. Vaccine, 37:3866–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.050
Odevall L, Rijpkema S, Smith D, Wu T, Qadri F, Holmgren J, Lynch J Pavliak V. Consensus meeting on InternationalStandards for oral whole cell killed Cholera vaccines, 17-18 May 2018, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Vaccine Res Open J. 2019;1:72-8. doi: 10.17140/VROJ-1-112
Gao F, Swann C, Rigsby P, Rijpkema S, Lockyer K, Logan A, Bolgiano B and the Vi IS Working Group. Evaluation of two WHO First International Standards for Vi polysaccharide from Citrobacter freundii and Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi. Biologicals 57:34-45 & WHO/BS/2017.2310
2018
Rijpkema S, Hockley J, Logan A, Rigsby P, Atkinson E, Jin C, Goldblatt D, Liang H, Bachtiar NS, Yang JS, Goel A, Ramasamy V, Pasetti MF, Pollard AJ and the anti-Vi IgG working group. Establishment of the first International Standard for human anti-Typhoid capsular Vi polysaccharide IgG. Biologicals 56:29-38 & WHO/BS/2017.2307
2017
Whitfield SJC, Taylor C, Risdall JE, Griffiths G, Jones JTA, Williamson ED, Cox V, Rijpkema S, Saraiva L, Vessillier S, Green AC, Carter AJ. Interference of the T-cell and antigen presenting cell co-stimulatory pathway using CTLA4-Ig (abatacept) prevents Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B pathology. J Immunol 198:3989-98
2016
Rijpkema S, Hockley J, Guy EC, Rigsby P and the Toxoplasma study group. Establishment of replacement International Standard 13/132 for human antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Biologicals 44:448-55 & WHO/BS/2015/2266 http://authors.elsevier.com/sd/article/S1045105616300197
2014
Rijpkema S, Hockley J, Last V, Marwaha A, Rigsby P. A WHO collaborative study to evaluate a candidate International Standard for anti-Typhoid capsular Vi polysaccharide IgG (Human).WHO/BS/2014.2234
Whiting G, Wheeler JX, Rijpkema S. Identification of peptide sequences as a measure of Anthrax vaccine stability during storage. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2014;10:1669 – 81 http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.28443
Anonymous. Guidelines on the quality, safety and efficacy of typhoid conjugate vaccines. In: 64th meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. WHO Tech Rep Series 987:101-76 & WHO/BS/2013.2215
2013
Otani M, Hockley J, Guzmán Bracho C, Rijpkema S, Luquetti AO, Duncan R, Rigsby P, Albajar-Viñas P, Padilla A. Evaluation of two International Reference Standards for antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi in a WHO collaborative study.In: 62nd meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. WHO Tech Rep Series 979:34-5 & WHO/BS/2011.2181
2012
Whiting G, Baker M, Rijpkema S.Development of an in vitro potency assay for anti-anthrax Lethal Toxin neutralizing antibodies. Toxins4:28-41, doi:10.3390/toxins4010028
2009
Rigsby P, Ison C, Brierley M, Ballard R, Hagedorn HJ, Lewis D, Notermans D, Riis J, RobertsonP, Seppälä IJT, Rijpkema S. Evaluation of two Human plasma pools as candidate International Standard Preparations for syphilitic antibodies. Biologicals 37: 245-51
Pulickal AS, Gautam S, Clutterbuck EA, Thorson S, Basynat B, Adhikari N, Makepeace K, Rijpkema S, Borrow R, Farrar JJ, Pollard AJ. Kinetics of the natural, humoral immune response to Salmonella typhi in Kathmandu, Nepal. Clin Vaccine Immunol 16:1413-9.
2008
Barson HV, Mollenkopf H, Kaufmann SHE, Rijpkema S. In vitro exposure to anthrax lethal toxin suppresses chemokine production in the human neutrophil-like cell line NB-4. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 374:288–93.
2007
Duc LH, Hong HA, Atkins HS, Flick-Smith HC, Durrani Z, RijpkemaS, Titball RW, SM Cutting. Immunisation against anthrax using Bacillus subtilis spores expressing the anthrax protective antigen. Vaccine 25: 346-55.
Ribeiro S, Rijpkema S, Durrani Z, Florence AT. PLGA-dendrons improve immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine against anthrax in mice. Int J Pharmaceutics 331:228-32.
Wheeler JX, Whiting G, Rijpkema S. Proteomic analysis of the response of the human neutrophil-like cell line NB-4 after exposure to anthrax lethal toxin. Proteomics Clin Appl 1: 1266–79.
Sesardic D, Rijpkema S, Patel BP. New adjuvants: EU Regulatory developments. Expert Rev Vaccines 6:849-61.
2006
Yuen CT, Rijpkema S. A fluorescent peptide substrate for measuring the ADP-ribosylation activity of the cholera toxin A-subunit. Human Vaccines 2:195-9.
2005
Rijpkema SG, Adams T, Rigsby P, Xing DK, Corbel MJ. Investigation in a model system of the effects of combinations of anthrax and pertussis vaccines administered to service personnel in the 1991Gulf War. Human Vaccines 1:165-9.
Adams T, Osborn S, Rijpkema S. An immuno-diffusion assay to assess the protective antigen content of anthrax vaccine. Vaccine 23:4517-20.
2004
Rijpkema S, Durrani Z, Lemercinier X, Jones C. Detection of O-acetylated Vi polysaccharide of Salmonella enterica subspecies typhi by enzyme immuno assay. Biologicals 32:11-6
de Jonge R, Durrani Z, Rijpkema SG, Kuipers EJ, van Vliet AHM, Kusters JG. Role of the Helicobacter pylori outer membrane proteins AlpA and AlpB in gastric colonisation. J Med Microbiol 53:375-9
Whiting G, Rijpkema S, Adams T, Corbel M. Characterisation of adsorbed anthrax vaccine by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Vaccine 22:4245-51.
Rijpkema SGT, Durrani Z,Ramamurthy T, Nair GB. Various mutations inactivate wbeT in Vibrio cholerae Inabaisolates. J Med Microbiol 53:1105-7
Rigsby P, Rijpkema S, Guy EC, Francis J, Gaines Das R. Evaluation of a candidate international standard preparation for human anti-Toxoplasma IgG. J Clin Microbiology 42:5133-8.
2003
Keenan J, Rijpkema S, Durrani Z, Roake J. Differences in immunogenicity and protection in mice and guinea pigs following intranasal immunization withHelicobacter pylori outer membrane antigens. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 36:199-205.
Owen RJ, Sharp S, Lawson AJ, Durrani Z, Rijpkema S, Kidd M. Investigation of the biological relevance of Helicobacter pylori cagE locus diversity, presence of CagA tyrosine phosphorylation motifs and vacuolating cytotoxin genotype on IL-8 induction in gastric epithelial cells. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 36:135-40.
Durrani Z, Rijpkema S. Orogastric vaccination of guinea pigs with Helicobacter pylori sonicate and a high dose of cholera toxin lowers the burden of infection. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 36:169-173.
Owen RJ, Sharp SI, Chisholm SA, Rijpkema S. Identification of cagA tyrosine phosphorylation DNA motifs in Helicobacter pylori isolates from peptic ulcer patients by novel PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and real-time fluorescence PCR assays. J Clin Microbiol 41:3112-8.
2002
Davies BJ, de Vries N, Rijpkema SGT, van Vliet AHM, Penn CW. Transcriptional and mutational analysis of the
Helicobacter pylori urease promotor. FEMS Microbiol Lett 213:27-32.
2001
Rijpkema SG, Durrani Z, Beavan G, Gibson JR, Luck J, Owen RJ, Auda GR. Analysis of host responses of guinea pigs during Helicobacter pylori infection. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 30:151-6.
2000
Foster MJ, Rijpkema SG. Selection of putative immunogenic peptides by molecular modeling of the urease of Helicobacter pylori.Develop. Biol. Basel 103: 75-9.
1999
Alekseev AN, Dubinina HV, Rijpkema SGT, Schouls LM.Sexual transmission of Borrelia garinii by male Ixodes persulcatus ticks (Acari, Ixodidae). Exp Appl Acarol 23: 165-9.
Hovius KE, Rijpkema SG, Westers P, van der Zeijst BAM, van Asten FJAM, Houwers DJ. Comparison of two ELISAs for the detection of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs using a set of sequentially collected serum samples. Vet Quarterly 21: 16-20.
Hovius KE, Stark LAM, Bleumink-Pluym NMC, van de Pol I, Verbeek-De Kruif N, Rijpkema SGT, Schouls LM, Houwers DJ. Detection by polymerase chain reaction of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in internal organs and skin of naturally infected symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. Vet Quarterly 21: 54-8.
Rijpkema SGT. Prospects for therapeutic Helicobacter pylori vaccines. J Med Microbiol 48:1-3.
Schouls LM, van de Pol IE, Rijpkema SGT, Schot CS. Detection and identification of Ehrlichia, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and Bartonella species in Dutch Ixodes ricinus ticks. J Clin Microbiol 37:2215-2222.
Sparagano OAE, Allsopp MTEP, Mank RA, Rijpkema SGT, Figueroa JV, Jongejan F. Molecular
detection of pathogen DNA in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae): A review. Exp Appl Acarol. 23: 929-60.
van der Heijden IM, Wilbrink B, Rijpkema SGT, Schouls LM, Heymans PHM, van Embden JDA, Breedveld FC, Tak PP. Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto by reverse line blot in the joints of Dutch patients with Lyme arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatism 42:1473-80.
1998
Aleksheev AN, Dubinina HV, Antykova LP, Dzhivanyan TI, Rijpkema SGT, Verbeek-De Kruif N, Cinco M. Tick-borne borrelioses pathogen identification in Ixodes ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) collected in St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad regions of Russia. J Med Entomol 35: 136-42.
Cinco M, Padovan D, Murgia R, Frusteri L, Maroli M, van de Pol I, Verbeek-De Kruif N, Rijpkema S, Taggi F. Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in Ixodes ricinus in central Italy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 17: 134-5.
Guy EC, Robertson JN, Cimmino M, Gern L, Mooseman Y, Rijpkema SGT, Sambri V, Stanek G. European interlaboratory comparisons of Lyme borreliosis serology. Zbl Bakteriol 287: 241-7.
Hovius KE, Beijer B, Rijpkema SGT, Bleumink-Pluym NMC, Houwers DJ. Identification of four Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from Dutch dogs. Vet Quarterly 20:143-5.
Kahl O, Gern L, Gray JS, Guy EC, Jongejan F, Kirstein F, Kurtenbach K, Rijpkema SGT, Stanek G. Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks: immunofluoresence assay versus polymerase chain reaction. Zbl Bakteriol 287: 205-10.
Kurtenbach K, Peacey M, Rijpkema SGT, Hoodless AN, Nuttall PA, Randolph SE. Differential transmission of the genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by game birds and small rodents in England. Appl Environ Microbiol 64: 1169-74.
Lesnyak O, Laikovskaya E, Kufko I, Bruinink H, Baranova N, Rijpkema S. Clinical features of Lyme borreliosis in the middle Urals and the distribution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in local Ixodes persulcatus ticks. Zbl Bakteriol 288:111-9.
Moll van Charante AW, Groen J, Mulder PGH, Rijpkema SGT, Osterhaus ADME. Occupational risks of zoonotic infections in Dutch forestry workers and muskrat catchers. Eur J Epidemiol, 14: 109-16.
Saint Girons I, Gern L, Gray JS, Guy EC, Korenberg E, Nuttal PA, Rijpkema S, Schonberg A, Stanek G, Postic D. Identification ofBorrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in Europe. Zbl Bakteriol 287: 190-5.
1997
Blaauw AAM, Rijpkema SGT, Kuiper H, Bijlsma JWJ. Lyme disease, who should be tested and treated, and how? Netherlands J Medicine, 51:154-62.
Kirstein F, Rijpkema S, Molkenboer M, Gray JS. The distribution and prevalence of B. burgdorferi genomic groups in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Ireland. Eur J Epidemiol, 13: 67-72.
Kirstein F, Rijpkema S, Molkenboer M, Gray JS. Local variations in the distribution and prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genomospecies in Ixodes ricinus ticks. Appl Environ Microbiol 63: 1102 -6.
Rijpkema SGT, Tazelaar DJ, Molkenboer MJCH, Noordhoek GT, Plantinga G, Schouls LM, Schellekens JFP.Detection of Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii and group VS116 by PCR in skin biopsies of patients with erythema migrans and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. Clin Microbiol Infect 3: 109-16.
Rijpkema SGT, David GP, Hughes SL, Woodward MJ. Partial identification of spirochetes from two dairy cows with digital dermatitis by polymerase chain reaction analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Vet Record, 140:257-9.
Sinski E, Rijpkema SG. Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. infection in Ixodes ricinus ticks at urban and suburban forest habitats. Przegl Epidemiol 1997; 51: 431-5.
1996
Dorrestein GM, Jongejan F, Rijpkema S. Survey of tick related problems in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in The Netherlands. In: Proc Wildlife Diseases, Vet Q 18: Suppl 3, p 148
Gray JS, Hayden TJ, Casey S, Kirstein F, Rijpkema S, Curtin S. A Lyme disease serosurvey of deer in Irish national parks. Proc Irish Acad Sci: Biol Environm, 96B:27-32.
Rijpkema S, Golubic D, Molkenboer M, Verbeek-De Kruif N, Schellekens J. Identification of four genomic groups of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in a Lyme borreliosis endemic region in northern Croatia. Exp Appl Acarol 20:23-30.
Rijpkema S, Bruinink H. Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by PCR in questing Ixodes ricinus larvae from the Dutch North Sea island of Ameland. Exp Appl Acarol 20:381-385.
Rijpkema SGT, Herbes RG, Verbeek-De Kruif N, Schellekens JFP. Detection of four species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the Netherlands. Epidemiol Infect 116: 563-6.
Rijpkema SGT. Do roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) spread Borrelia-infected Ixodes ricinus ticks? In: Proc Wildlife Diseases, Vet Q 18: Suppl 3, pp 146-7.
Sinski E, Gill J, Rijpkema S. Prevalence of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in European bison (Bison bisonasus) from Bialowieza primeval forest. Rocznikii Akademii Medycznej Bialymstoku 41:111-6.
1995
Golubic D, Rijpkema S, Kvakan I, Rezek T, Skvorec V, Ruzic E. Serological evidence for Lyme borreliosis in northwest Croatia. Veterinarski Arhiv 65:127-33.
Rijpkema SGT, Molkenboer MJCH, Schouls LM, Jongejan F, Schellekens JFP. Simultaneous detection and genotyping of three genomic groups of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Dutch Ixodes ricinus ticks by characterization of the amplified intergenic spacer region between 5S and 23S rRNA genes. J Clin Microbiol 33:3091-5.
1994
Rijpkema S, Groen J, Molkenboer M, Herbrink P, Osterhaus A, Schellekens J. Serum antibodies to the flagellum of Borrelia burgdorferi measured with an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are diagnostic for Lyme borreliosis. Serodiagn Immunother 6:61-7.
Rijpkema S, Kuiper H, Molkenboer M, Van Dam A, Schellekens J. Improved detection of immunoglobulin M in Erythema migrans patients by Western blotting with a local Borrelia burgdorferi skin isolate. In: Lyme Borreliosis, pp 307-14, D Rees and J Axford (eds). Plenum Publishing Corp. New York NY.
Rijpkema S, Nieuwenhuijs J, Franssen FFJ, Jongejan F. Infection rates of Borrelia burgdorferi in different instars of Ixodes ricinus ticks from the Dutch North Sea Island of Ameland. Exp Appl Acarol 18:531-42.
1992
Rijpkema SGT, Bik EM, Jansen WH, Gielen H, Versluis LF, Stouthamer AH, Guinée PAM, Mooi FR.
Construction and analysis of a Vibrio cholerae delta-Aminolevulinic acid auxotroph which confers protective immunity in a rabbit model. Infect Immun 60:2188-93.
1989
Bouma PAD, Carpay H, Rijpkema SGT. Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Lancet 8665:(ii)739.
1988
Jansen WH, Gielen H, Rijpkema SGT, Guinée PAM. Priming and boosting of the rabbit intestinal immune system with live and killed, smooth and rough Vibrio cholerae. Microbial Pathogenesis 4:21-6.
Guinée PAM, Jansen WH, Rijpkema SGT. Infection and immunity to Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli in a rabbit model. Zbl Bakt Hyg A 270:260-9.
1987
Guinée PAM, Jansen WH, Gielen H, Rijpkema SGT, Peters PWJ. Protective immunity against Vibrio cholerae infection in the rabbit. Zbl Bakt Hyg A 259:552-62.
Rijpkema SGT, Jansen WH, Gielen H, Guinée PAM. Immunoglobulins in bile and serum of the rabbit associated with protection after Vibrio cholerae infection and vaccination. Microbial Pathogenesis 3:365-75.